Question

Latin American Countries & Capitals | Facts & Map

Answer

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Here’s a complete list of Latin American countries with their capitals, plus key facts and links/resources for maps.

Countries & Capitals (grouped)

  • Mexico — Mexico City
  • Central America
  • Guatemala — Guatemala City
  • Belize* — Belmopan (Belize’s official language is English, but it’s often included geographically in Central America)
  • El Salvador — San Salvador
  • Honduras — Tegucigalpa
  • Nicaragua — Managua
  • Costa Rica — San José
  • Panama — Panama City
  • Caribbean (Spanish/French-speaking islands commonly included)
  • Cuba — Havana
  • Dominican Republic — Santo Domingo
  • Haiti — Port-au-Prince (French and Haitian Creole)
  • Puerto Rico (U.S. territory) — San Juan
  • South America
  • Argentina — Buenos Aires
  • Bolivia — Sucre (constitutional); La Paz (seat of government / executive & legislative functions)
  • Brazil — Brasília
  • Chile — Santiago
  • Colombia — Bogotá
  • Ecuador — Quito
  • Paraguay — Asunción
  • Peru — Lima
  • Uruguay — Montevideo
  • Venezuela — Caracas

Note: Definitions of “Latin America” vary. The list above focuses on sovereign states in the Americas where Romance languages (Spanish, Portuguese, French) predominate; some English-speaking or Dutch-speaking Guianas (Guyana, Suriname) are often treated separately.

Quick facts & highlights

  • Most populous country: Brazil (largest population and largest area in Latin America).
  • Largest country by area: Brazil.
  • Smallest sovereign state by area in mainland Latin America: El Salvador.
  • Smallest population among commonly listed Latin American countries: Belize (around 0.4 million).
  • Highest administrative capital: La Paz, Bolivia (one of the world’s highest capitals, ~3,600+ m elevation).
  • Major geographic features: the Amazon Basin (largest tropical rainforest; mainly Brazil, Peru, Colombia), the Andes Mountains (western spine of South America), long Atlantic and Pacific coastlines.
  • Languages: Mainly Spanish and Portuguese; French in parts (Haiti, French territories); indigenous languages remain important (Quechua, Aymara, Guaraní, etc.).
  • Colonial history: most countries gained independence in the early 19th century (exceptions: Haiti 1804; later decolonization in the Caribbean).

Map resources (interactive & printable)

  • Google Maps or OpenStreetMap: search “Latin America” or any country name for interactive zoomable maps.
  • CIA World Factbook country pages: good for updated stats and political maps.
  • Printable/blank maps for study: search “blank map of Latin America printable” or use sites such as d-maps.com and educational map PDFs on Wikimedia Commons.

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