Answer:
A memorandum (memo) is an internal, often brief document used within an organization to convey information, requests, decisions, or instructions to specific people or departments. A circular is a broader notice distributed to a wide audience (many employees, all branches, or even external stakeholders) to announce policies, general instructions, or information of common interest.
Explanation:
- Purpose: Memo = targeted communication or record of action; Circular = general announcement or directive for many recipients.
- Audience: Memo = specific individuals or teams; Circular = large group, whole organization, or external parties.
- Tone & formality: Memo = can be informal or semi-formal and conversational; Circular = usually more formal and standardized.
- Format & content: Memo = short, focused on a particular matter (may include background, action required); Circular = concise announcement, often with clear instructions or policy and reference numbers.
- Distribution: Memo = hand-delivered, posted, or emailed to selected recipients; Circular = widely distributed (email blast, intranet, bulletin boards, posted publically).
Example: A memo might ask the finance team to prepare a report; a circular would announce a company-wide holiday schedule or new expense policy.