Here’s a complete list of Latin American countries with their capitals, plus key facts and links/resources for maps.
Countries & Capitals (grouped)
- Mexico — Mexico City
- Central America
- Guatemala — Guatemala City
- Belize* — Belmopan (Belize’s official language is English, but it’s often included geographically in Central America)
- El Salvador — San Salvador
- Honduras — Tegucigalpa
- Nicaragua — Managua
- Costa Rica — San José
- Panama — Panama City
- Caribbean (Spanish/French-speaking islands commonly included)
- Cuba — Havana
- Dominican Republic — Santo Domingo
- Haiti — Port-au-Prince (French and Haitian Creole)
- Puerto Rico (U.S. territory) — San Juan
- South America
- Argentina — Buenos Aires
- Bolivia — Sucre (constitutional); La Paz (seat of government / executive & legislative functions)
- Brazil — Brasília
- Chile — Santiago
- Colombia — Bogotá
- Ecuador — Quito
- Paraguay — Asunción
- Peru — Lima
- Uruguay — Montevideo
- Venezuela — Caracas
Note: Definitions of “Latin America” vary. The list above focuses on sovereign states in the Americas where Romance languages (Spanish, Portuguese, French) predominate; some English-speaking or Dutch-speaking Guianas (Guyana, Suriname) are often treated separately.
Quick facts & highlights
- Most populous country: Brazil (largest population and largest area in Latin America).
- Largest country by area: Brazil.
- Smallest sovereign state by area in mainland Latin America: El Salvador.
- Smallest population among commonly listed Latin American countries: Belize (around 0.4 million).
- Highest administrative capital: La Paz, Bolivia (one of the world’s highest capitals, ~3,600+ m elevation).
- Major geographic features: the Amazon Basin (largest tropical rainforest; mainly Brazil, Peru, Colombia), the Andes Mountains (western spine of South America), long Atlantic and Pacific coastlines.
- Languages: Mainly Spanish and Portuguese; French in parts (Haiti, French territories); indigenous languages remain important (Quechua, Aymara, Guaraní, etc.).
- Colonial history: most countries gained independence in the early 19th century (exceptions: Haiti 1804; later decolonization in the Caribbean).
Map resources (interactive & printable)
- Google Maps or OpenStreetMap: search “Latin America” or any country name for interactive zoomable maps.
- CIA World Factbook country pages: good for updated stats and political maps.
- Printable/blank maps for study: search “blank map of Latin America printable” or use sites such as d-maps.com and educational map PDFs on Wikimedia Commons.
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